- Sub-structure :- Part of structure which is below the ground level is called substructure
- Super-structure :- Part of structure which is above ground level is super structure.
- Elevation – It’s the view which we can see when we stand right in front of the structure on any of the sides.
- Plastering – A cement, sand and water mix applied on brick wall for smooth surface for painting.
- Plinth level – The level on which the actual structure stands on.
- Riser – The vertical height of single step.
- Tread – The horizontal portion where we put our foot on which going on steps.
- Going – The inclined portion of stairs.
- Footing – The bottom most part of structure. These are categorized as Isolated footing, combined footing, Raft etc.
- Columns – The vertical members of structure .
- Clear cover – It’s the clear distance maintained from concrete face up to face of the reinforcement steel.
- Effective depth – It is the distance from top of the concrete face upto the CG of reinforcement.
- Singly reinforced section – A section of concrete member with reinforcement at only on tension face.
- Doubly reinforced section – A section of concrete member with reinforcement on both tension and compression side.
- Stirrups –Steel bent in closed shape of either Rectangular of circular shape. These are generally to hold column bars in position and also effective in shear carrying capacity.
- Cantilever beam – A beam with fixed support on one side and the other end is free.
- Propped cantilever – A beam with fixed support on one side and other end is with pinned support.
- Pedestal – When Length of the member is less than 3 times in width then its called pedestal.
- One way slab – When ratio of length to width is more than 2 its one way slab
- Two way slab – When ration of length to width is less than or equal to 2 , its two way slab.
- Slender column – when length to width ratio of column is more than 12 , then its slender column
- Plain cement concrete (PCC) – The cement concrete mix provided on the ground level over which foundations, beams are constructed. This is simply a levelling surface.
- Pile foundation – The foundation system with Piles i.e cylinder shaped reinforced concrete member.
- Frog – A small Depression on top of brick. This is for proper bonding with other bricks.
- Scaffolding – A temporary structure, when work needs to be carried out at higher elevations.
- Retaining wall – A wall constructed to retain earth.
MYLEARNINGS IN BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF STRUCTURE
Any structure typically consists of following
- Foundation
- Columns
- Beams
- Slabs
- Main Walls and partition walls.
- Staircase
- Flooring i.e tiles
- Finishes – Plastering and Painting
- Staircase
- Boundary wall